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Welding Welding equipment
TIG welding, short for “Tungsten Inert Gas Welding”, is a process known for creating precise, clean welds on various materials. It's especially useful for critical welding jobs in aerospace, food equipment, high-purity processing, and motorsports.
In this beginner's guide, we'll cover:
TIG welding uses a special torch with a tungsten electrode to heat the metal that is being welded. This process is protected by a shielding gas, typically argon, to keep out impurities, this is also fed from the torch. The power source generates an arc from the tungsten electrode to the workpiece which creates a molten metal pool. The reason that the electrode is made from tungsten is so that it does not get consumed, and filler metal is added into the molten pool separately. The key to good TIG welding is carefully manipulating the weld pool and consistently feeding the filler wire.
TIG welding offers several advantages, making it a preferred choice for many applications:
Selecting the right equipment is essential for your welding needs. Here are some things to consider:
Proper setup is crucial for successful TIG welding. Here is a checklist of steps to follow:
Short Stick-Out Length (3 to 5 mm):
Provides better arc control.
Enhances stability and precision.
Suitable for thin materials and intricate welds.
Medium Stick-Out Length (5 to 6 mm):
Balances control and accessibility.
Commonly used for a wide range of applications.
Longer Stick-Out Length (Greater than 6 mm):
Can be used for increased reach and better visibility in some situations.
May be suitable for fillet welds or joints with limited access.
With the equipment set up correctly, it is ready to start welding.
Tungsten selection plays a critical role in achieving quality welds. Factors like material type, thickness, and the equipment being used influence the choice of tungsten. Different tungsten alloys are identified by colour bands painted on one end.
Here are some common tungsten types and their applications:
In the context of this article, it's important to highlight a crucial point regarding the selection of tungsten electrodes. Historically, thoriated tungsten electrodes were the go-to choice for TIG welding, and they are still commonly used in many regions. However, it is essential to note that thoriated tungsten contains 1-2% thorium which is radioactive, this has led to their prohibition in several European countries.
Here are some simple tips for beginners:
Always refer to the welding machine's manual for specific troubleshooting guidelines and recommended settings. Additionally, seek advice from experienced welders or instructors to address specific challenges.
In summary, mastering TIG welding can be a rewarding journey for beginners. By understanding the fundamentals, selecting the appropriate equipment, and adhering to best practices, it is possible achieve clean and precise welds across various applications. With dedication and practice,
TIG welding can become a valuable skill in any welding toolkit.For further insights into TIG welding, make sure to explore the following articles on ESAB University: